How To Use CMD Files And Folders On Windows?

To use CMD (Command Prompt) and work with folders and files on Windows, follow these steps and commands:

Navigating Directories

1. Open Command Prompt: Press Windows + R, type cmd, and press Enter.

2. Change Directory (CD): Type cd followed by the path or folder name.

   • For the current directory's parent: cd ..
   • For user folders (e.g., Documents): cd %userprofile%\Documents

3. View Contents (DIR): Type dir to list files and subfolders in the current directory.

   • dir /a to list all files.
   • dir /a:d to list directories.
   • dir /a:r /s to list all files and subfolders, including those that are read-only.

Working with Folders and Files

1. Create a New Folder: Type mkdir followed by the folder name.

   • E.g., mkdir other_stuff creates a folder named "other_stuff".

2. Rename Files and Folders (REN): Type ren or rename, followed by the folder/file name, a space, and the new name.

   • E.g., ren "Digital_Citizen_Tests" "Digital_Citizen_Final_Tests"

3. List Files in a Directory (DIR):

   • dir lists all files in the current directory.
   • dir /a /s lists all files and subfolders, including system and hidden files.
   • dir /b > FolderList.txt creates a text file listing all files in the current directory.

Remember to replace drive letters (e.g., C:) when necessary for different volumes (drives) in Windows.

These commands are valid for Windows 11 and Windows 10 and can be adjusted for older Windows versions where needed.